The 1980s saw the advent of home video technology, including VHS (Video Home System) and later DVD (Digital Versatile Disc). This enabled people to watch films and music videos in the comfort of their own homes. The rise of MTV (Music Television) in 1981 also popularized the music video as a distinct art form. Music videos became a crucial promotional tool for musicians, and many artists, such as Michael Jackson and Madonna, used this medium to great effect.